When Esther Nyota was diagnosed with diabetes, she never imagined it would lead to end-stage kidney disease. By the time she fully understood her condition, her kidneys were failing, and she needed a transplant.
“I was managing my diabetes, but no one told me how it could damage my kidneys,” says Nyota, who recently underwent a kidney transplant at Nairobi West Hospital. “By the time I realized what was happening, my kidney function was gone. I had to start dialysis immediately.”
Nyota’s experience reflects a growing health crisis—the dangerous but often overlooked link between diabetes, high blood pressure, and kidney disease. Experts say that millions of people are at risk, but because symptoms develop slowly, many do not seek medical help until it is too late.
The Hidden Connection
In Kenya, diabetes is an increasing public health challenge. The Ministry of Health estimates that 821,500 adults were living with diabetes in 2021, and nearly 4 million people have kidney disease. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is also on the rise, worsening the crisis.
Dr. John Ngigi, Head of the Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Unit at Nairobi West Hospital and Chairperson of the Renal Association of Kenya, explains how these conditions are linked:
“Diabetes damages small blood vessels, affecting the kidneys and raising blood pressure. High blood pressure then worsens kidney disease, creating a dangerous cycle. Many patients don’t realize they have kidney disease until it reaches an advanced stage.”
Dr. Mohamed Hany Hafez of the African Association of Nephrology adds:
“High blood sugar makes the kidneys work harder, leading to scarring and loss of function. Meanwhile, high blood pressure speeds up this damage. The worst part is that many people don’t experience symptoms until their kidneys are near failure.”
Medical Advances Offer Hope
Despite the grim statistics, new treatments are making a difference. SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists—new classes of diabetes medications—are proving to be game-changers.
“These drugs don’t just lower blood sugar; they also protect the kidneys and heart,” explains Dr. Hafez. “They can reduce the risk of kidney failure, heart attacks, and strokes. Patients who start these treatments early have much better outcomes.”
The Need for Coordinated Care
One of the biggest challenges in managing these conditions is the lack of communication between different doctors. Many patients see separate specialists for diabetes, kidney disease, and high blood pressure, but without a unified treatment plan, they may receive conflicting advice.
“Doctors need to work together to treat these conditions as a whole,” says Dr. Ngigi. “Right now, patients are often left to coordinate their own care, which can lead to delays and complications.”
Nyota agrees. After struggling with different specialists, she finally found a doctor who helped coordinate her care. She urges others to take charge of their health:
“Ask questions, get regular checkups, and make sure your doctors are working together. If I had known earlier what to look out for, I might not have needed a transplant.”
Prevention is Key
Experts emphasize that simple lifestyle changes can help prevent or slow the progression of diabetes, kidney disease, and high blood pressure:
- Eat a healthy diet – Reduce sugar and salt intake.
- Exercise regularly – Helps control weight, blood sugar, and blood pressure.
- Monitor your health – Get regular blood sugar, kidney function, and blood pressure checks.
- Stay hydrated – Drinking enough water supports kidney function.
“Managing these conditions is challenging, but early intervention makes a huge difference,” concludes Dr. Ngigi. “With the right care, many people can avoid complications and live healthier lives.”
Elijah Odanga 
IAN BYRON 
Treeza Auma